RETINA

Purpose:

To explore the relationship between retinal hemorrhage in the green and red channels on ultra-widefield fundus images and the nonperfusion area (NPA) on ultra-widefield fundus fluorescein angiography in patients with acute branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods:

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with 96 patients, including 46 with ischemic BRVO and 50 with nonischemic BRVO. Correlation analysis between green channel hemorrhage (GCH), red channel hemorrhage (RCH), and NPA was performed. Panretina was divided into posterior and peripheral areas.

Results:

Ischemic BRVO showed significantly higher GCH% and RCH% than nonischemic BRVO in the peripheral regions (both P 0.05). Significant correlations were found between NPA% in the panretinal and peripheral areas and the corresponding GCH% and RCH% (all P 0.05). In addition, peripheral GCH% and RCH% were related to panretinal NPA% (r = 0.506, P

Purpose:

To explore characteristic imaging features of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy (npAIR) to augment diagnostic criteria.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with npAIR evaluated at the Emory Eye Center be…

Purpose:

To investigate the structure and blood flow of the retina and choroid in Cushing syndrome and their relationship with cortisol levels.

Methods:

A consecutive series of patients with Cushing syndrome with adrenocortical carcinoma were included in this study. Cortisol levels gradually returned to normal after adrenalectomy. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were used to assess patients with Cushing syndrome before and after the surgery for retina and choroid. Correlation analysis was performed between cortisol level and fundus changes.

Results:

Compared with normal cortisol levels, patients with Cushing syndrome had significantly lower central macular thickness with increased cortisol level (220.82 ± 16.59 µm and 223.68 ± 15.78 µm, P = 0.019). However, the central choroidal thickness was higher with increased cortisol level (255.18 ± 105.89 µm and 205.94 ± 87.04 µm, P

Purpose:

To evaluate outer retinal recovery on postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) based on presenting morphologic stage of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods:

Retrospective cohort of consecutive primary fovea-involving RRDs, referred from January 2012 to September 2022. Baseline OCTs were assessed for morphologic stage of RRD. Postoperative OCT scans were graded at 3, 6, and 12 months for external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone and interdigitation zone discontinuity, epiretinal membrane formation and severity, and residual subfoveal fluid.

Results:

Three hundred and fifty-one patients were included. Increasing baseline morphologic stage of RRD was significantly associated with external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone, and interdigitation zone discontinuity at all time points postoperatively (P

Purpose:

To compare within-subject efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant and topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa–related cystoid macular edema.

Methods:

Patients with bilateral r…

Purpose:

To introduce a surgical technique for temporary scleral buckling of noncomplex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using a combination of nonabsorbable and absorbable sutures that would induce minimal permanent refractive changes.

Methods:

Twenty consecutive patients (20 eyes) with noncomplex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were prospectively included. Scleral buckling was performed in all eligible subjects, and encircling buckling was added when necessary. The silicone elements were fixed on the sclera with 5-0 nonabsorbable sutures and tightened to form a ridge with 6-0 absorbable sutures. Best-corrected visual acuity, scleral ridge status, axial length, spherical diopter, and cylinder diopter were collected.

Results:

All patients achieved primary retinal reattachment with significant improvement of best-corrected visual acuity after surgery. Scleral ridge was obvious and in situ at the 1-month follow-up but diminished at the 3-month follow-up. At the 1-month follow-up, axial length increased from 24.78 mm ± 2.14 mm preoperatively to 25.22 mm ± 2.11 mm, and cylinder diopter increased from −1.99 ± 1.03 to −2.95 ± 1.55 (both P

Purpose:

To demonstrate through a diagnostic test used as a new preoperative assessment that trocar insertion for pars plana vitrectomy could be safely placed at a distance >4.0 mm in highly myopic eyes to facilitate the surgical maneuvers.

Methods:

Thirty eyes of 30 patients were tested with a biometer for the axial length measurement and with ultrasound biomicroscopy to measure the pars plana length. Pars plana lengths of highly myopic eyes were then compared with those of emmetropic eyes. The surgeon also measured the pars plana of highly myopic eyes intraoperatively and compared it with ultrasound measurements to assess ultrasound biomicroscopy reliability.

Results:

The mean axial length was 23.81 mm (SD ± 0.30) in the control group and 31.11 mm (SD ± 0.56) in the myopic group. The mean pars plana length was 4.96 mm (SD ± 0.19) in control eyes and 6.65 (SD ± 0.36) in myopic eyes. An extremely significant statistical difference (P 30 mm, in relative safety at a distance to limbus higher than 4 mm.

Purpose:

To evaluate features of infectious panuveitis associated with multiple pathogens detected by ocular fluid sampling.

Methods:

Single-center, retrospective, consecutive case series of patients with aqueous/vitreous polymerase chain reaction testing with >1 positive result in a single sample from 2001 to 2021.

Results:

Of 1,588 polymerase chain reaction samples, 28 (1.76%) were positive for two pathogens. Most common pathogens were cytomegalovirus (n = 16, 57.1%) and Epstein–Barr virus (n = 13, 46.4%), followed by varicella zoster virus (n = 8, 28.6%), Toxoplasma gondii (n = 6, 21.4%), herpes simplex virus 2 (n = 6, 21.4%), herpes simplex virus 1 (n = 6, 21.4%), and Toxocara (n = 1, 3.6%). Mean initial and final visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 1.3 ± 0.9 (Snellen ∼20/400) and 1.3 ± 1.1 (Snellen ∼20/400), respectively. Cytomegalovirus-positive eyes (n = 16, 61.5%) had a mean final visual acuity of 0.94 ± 1.1 (Snellen ∼20/175), whereas cytomegalovirus-negative eyes (n = 10, 38%) had a final visual acuity of 1.82 ± 1.0 (Snellen ∼20/1,320) (P

Purpose:

To explore the characteristics and associated factors of retinal microvasculopathy and neurodegeneration with different insulin therapies in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but without diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:

Forty-one children with T1DM with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI), 22 children with T1DM with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and 62 age-matched normal control children were enrolled. SPECTRALIS Optical coherence tomography was used to scan 6×6 mm square area of posterior retina.

Results:

The vessel density of superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus in T1DM-MDI group were all significantly lower than those in the T1DM-CSII and control groups (0.39 ± 0.05 vs. 0.44 ± 0.04 and 0.42 ± 0.06, P 0.05).

Conclusion:

The vessel density of posterior retina was lower in children with T1DM with MDI than in healthy control children and associated with higher hemoglobin A1c. There was a significant difference on vessel density betweenT1DM-MDI and T1DM-CSII, with the similar hemoglobin A1c. This study suggested that optical coherence tomography angiography could be beneficial for the detection of retinal abnormalities in children with early T1DM, and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion may be a better choice than MDI for children with T1DM to prevent the retinal complication.

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to demonstrate, based on objective clinical indicators, the advantages of depth of field provided by the 3D surgical video system compared with the traditional microscope during vitrectomy for treating epire…