SIGNIFICANCE
Vision health disparities largely stem from inaccessibility to vision specialists. To improve patient access to vision tests and to expedite clinical workflows, it is important to assess the viability of virtual reality (VR) as a modal…
SIGNIFICANCE
Carriers of ocular albinism demonstrate signs of retinal mosaicism with unique features on fundus autofluorescence testing, which differentiate this condition from other x-linked retinal disorders in carrier patients. Distinctive findi…
SIGNIFICANCE
Photosensitivity is common after mild traumatic brain injury. However, this study demonstrates that photosensitivity is also impacted by common comorbidities that often occur with mild traumatic brain injury. Understanding how physical…
BACKGROUND
Managing dry eye disease (DED) is expensive. Often, prescribed treatments improve clinical signs but not patient-reported symptoms. In large surveys, clinicians and patients ranked environmental and behavioral modifications among the mos…
SIGNIFICANCE
We evaluate the relationship between tear film osmolarity measurements and quality of vision in patients presenting for routine eye clinic appointments. We found that the hyperosmolar group (>316 mOsm/L) had a worse quality-of-vision s…
SIGNIFICANCE
Popularity of publicly searched myopia terminologies is reported, for example, myopia control over myopia management and myopia over nearsighted or shortsighted. Insights are also provided for searches on specific myopia control interv…
SIGNIFICANCE
A variety of subjective and objective procedures are available to measure the amplitude of accommodation. However, it is unclear whether the standard criterion of Hofstetter’s minimum minus 2 D can be used to diagnose accommodative ins…
SIGNIFICANCE
Suspected clinically significant macular edema (SCSME) from exudates differed among ethnic groups in our underserved population. African American and Asian subjects had higher prevalence than Hispanics and non-Hispanic Caucasians, from the same clinics. Men had higher prevalence than women. Highly elevated blood glucose was frequent and associated with SCSME.
PURPOSE
We investigated the association between the presence of SCSME from exudates and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), as well as demographic factors such as age, sex, and ethnic group. Our population was underserved diabetic patients from the same geographic locations. Ethnic groups were White Hispanic, non-Hispanic Caucasian, African American, and Asian, with a high proportion of underrepresented minorities.
METHODS
In a diabetic retinopathy screening study at four community clinics in Alameda County, California, nonmydriatic 45° color fundus images were collected from underserved diabetic subjects following the EyePACS imaging protocol. Images were analyzed for SCSME from exudates by two certified graders. Logistic regression assessed the association between SCSME from exudates and age, sex, ethnic group, and HbA1c.
RESULTS
Of 1997 subjects, 147 (7.36%) had SCSME from exudates. The mean ± standard deviation age was 53.4 ± 10.5 years. The mean ± standard deviation HbA1c level was 8.26 ± 2.04. Logistic regression analysis indicated a significant association between presence of SCSME from exudates and HbA1c levels (p Asians > Hispanics), sex (male > female), and HbA1c level were strong indicators for identifying who is at increased risk of developing SCSME from exudates.
SIGNIFICANCE
This study provides a faster method for objectively measuring accommodative amplitude with an open-field autorefractor in a research setting.
PURPOSE
Objective measures of accommodative amplitude with an autorefractor take time because of the numerous stimulus demands tested. This study compares protocols using different amounts and types of demands to shorten the process.
METHODS
One hundred participants were recruited for four age bins (5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, and 20 to 24 years) and monocular amplitude measured with an autorefractor using three protocols: proximal, proximal-lens (letter), and proximal-lens (picture). For proximal, measurements were taken as participants viewed a 0.9 mm “E” placed at 13 demands (40 to 3.3 cm = 2.5 to 30 D). The other protocols used a target (either the “E” or a detailed picture) placed at 33 and 12.5 cm followed by 12.5 cm with a series of lenses (−2, −4, and −5.5 D). Adjustments were made for lens effectivity for the three lens conditions, which were thus 9.6, 11.1, and 12.0 D for individuals without additional spectacle lenses. Accommodative amplitude was defined as the greatest response measured with each technique. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare group mean amplitudes across protocols and differences between letter protocols by age bin.
RESULTS
Amplitudes were significantly different between protocols (p
Detailed clinical assessment is critical to allow sensitive evaluation of the eye and its management. As technology advances, these assessment techniques can be adapted and refined to improve the detection of pathological changes of ocular tissue and t…