Background: Regular screening of levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and microalbuminuria (MA), diabetic nephropathy can be prevented.Recent studies found some of the sensitive and specific biomarker for early detection and progression of nephropathy in …
Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis, usually seronegative for rheumatoid factor. While many patients with PsA do well, there is a group of patients who suffer from severe disease, with progressio…
Background: Caesarean section is one of the most widely performed surgical procedures in obstetrics worldwide. It was mainly evolved as a lifesaving procedure for mother and foetus during the difficult delivery. Multiparous means those who had delivere…
Background: Meatoplasty usually is the final step of a canal wall down mastoidectomy. It provides sufficient enlargement of the external auditory meatus which leaves the patient with a smaller mastoid recess that could readily be cleaned and examined w…
Background: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was first introduced by Chaussy in 1980 for the treatment of urolithiasis, which has revolutionized the treatment of urinary stones. Renal colic, urinary tract obstruction, uremia, and renal fail…
Background: Kidneys are a pair of retroperitoneal organs supplied by a single renal artery and vein. However, the classic illustration of the renal vasculature, formed by one renal artery and one renal vein, occurs in ≤25% of cases. MDCT angiography is…
Background: Iodine is a trace element that is essential for the formation of thyroid hormones. It is essential for the human life’s growth and development. The thyroid gland size and functions affected by deficient or excessive intake of iodine. Iodine…
Background: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is chronic pyelonephritis subtype where in renal parenchymal destruction occurs and therefore results in progressive loss of kidney functions. Although middle age group is the predominant age group a…
Background: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban area. The primary outcome of the study was the proportion of breakthrough infection in vaccinated subjects, which was defined as any COVID-19 infection occurring ≥30 days after receiving both…
Background: Eclampsia is a major cause of perinatal mortality. There is a need for studies that will correlate maternal factors and perinatal outcome, which will provide potential strategies to improve fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by eclam…