Learning is associated with activation of multiple protein kinases, but few details are known about the activation dynamics in response to different learning protocols. We addressed this issue by examining the long-term dynamics of kinases critical fo…
The ability to remember the relationship between unrelated events is a powerful cognitive function. When two unrelated stimuli are encoded in a condition of high level of unitization (LOU), the associative memory could be acquired with a strong famili…
Aversive associative learning paradigms such as inhibitory avoidance (IA) are frequently used to examine episodic-like memories in rodents. In IA, rodents learn to associate a context with a footshock, with testing for memory strength in the original …
Spatial working memory (SWM) relies on the integrity of the medial septum area (MSA) and its ability to drive theta (4–12 Hz) oscillations in the hippocampus. This study tested the hypothesis that optogenetic theta stimulation of the MSA would e…
Spatial working memory (SWM) relies on the integrity of the medial septum area (MSA) and its ability to drive theta (4–12 Hz) oscillations in the hippocampus. This study tested the hypothesis that optogenetic theta stimulation of the MSA would e…
Evidence suggests a role for monoubiquitination of histone H2B, a regulator of increased gene transcription, in memory formation. However, whether monoubiquitination of histone H2A (H2Aubi), a transcriptional repressor, is involved in memory formation…
Evidence suggests a role for monoubiquitination of histone H2B, a regulator of increased gene transcription, in memory formation. However, whether monoubiquitination of histone H2A (H2Aubi), a transcriptional repressor, is involved in memory formation…
Sign-tracking, a conditioned response in which animals engage with reward-predictive cues, is a powerful behavioral tool for assessing Pavlovian motivation. In rodents, it is most frequently studied via automatic readouts, such as deflections of lever…
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein that is important for lipid storage, transport, and metabolism. APOE gene variants are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, as well as attentional function in healthy humans. Previous research has shown that Apoe t…
Partial reinforcement schedules, wherein a conditioned stimulus (CS) is intermittently paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) during associative learning, have been widely studied and found to affect the extinction and recall of learned behaviors….