NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are widely recognized as master regulators of synaptic plasticity, most notably for driving long-term changes in synapse size and strength that support learning. NMDARs are unique among neurotransmitter receptors…
Complex auditory scenes pose a challenge to attentive listening, rendering listeners slower and more uncertain in their perceptual decisions. How can we explain such behaviors from the dynamics of cortical networks that pertain to the control of liste…
Although hyperactivity is associated with a wide variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, the early embryonic origins of locomotion have hindered investigation of pathogenesis of these debilitating behaviors. The earliest motor output in vertebrate an…
N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), encoded by GRIN genes, are ionotropic glutamate receptors playing a critical role in synaptic transmission, plasticity, and synapse development. Genome sequence analyses have identified variants in GRIN genes i…
Neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) and intermediate reticular nucleus (IRt) that express the glucagon gene (Gcg) give rise to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)-immunopositive axons in the spinal cord and many subcortical brain reg…
The ventrolateral medulla (VLM) is a crucial region in the brain for visceral and somatic control, serving as a significant source of synaptic input to the spinal cord. Experimental studies have shown that gene expression in individual VLM neurons is …
During navigation, the neocortex actively integrates learned spatial context with current sensory experience to guide behaviors. However, the relative encoding of spatial and sensorimotor information among cortical cells, and whether hippocampal feedb…